下る (kudaru)
下る (くだる, kudaru) is a Japanese verb meaning “to descend; to go down”. It appears in JLPT N3 vocabulary lists and is marked as a common word in JMdict.
- Reading
- くだる
- Romaji
- kudaru
- Word class
- Godan verb (う-verb) ending in る
- Level
- JLPT N3 (unofficial)
Meaning
- to descend; to go down; to come down · godan verb, intransitive
- to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.) · godan verb, intransitive
- to pass (of time) · godan verb, intransitive
- to surrender; to capitulate · godan verb, intransitive
- to be less than; to be inferior to · godan verb, intransitive · often in neg. form
Example sentences
Sentences from the Tatoeba project, linked to this word in JMdict.
Conjugation of 下る
Godan verb (う-verb) ending in る. Plain and polite forms below; try any other word in the Japanese verb conjugator.
| Form | Japanese | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 下る | くだる kudaru |
| Polite (~masu) | 下ります | くだります kudarimasu |
| Negative | 下らない | くだらない kudaranai |
| Polite negative | 下りません | くだりません kudarimasen |
| Past | 下った | くだった kudatta |
| Polite past | 下りました | くだりました kudarimashita |
| Negative past | 下らなかった | くだらなかった kudaranakatta |
| Te-form | 下って | くだって kudatte |
| Potential | 下れる | くだれる kudareru |
| Passive | 下られる | くだられる kudarareru |
| Causative | 下らせる | くだらせる kudaraseru |
| Volitional | 下ろう | くだろう kudarou |
| Imperative | 下れ | くだれ kudare |
| Conditional (~ba) | 下れば | くだれば kudareba |
Kanji in 下る
Related words
Other vocabulary sharing a kanji with 下る.
下したbelow靴下くつしたsocks下手へたunskillful廊下ろうかcorridor下さいくださいplease (give me)地下鉄ちかてつsubway以下いかnot exceeding ...下宿げしゅくboarding下着したぎunderwear下りるおりるto descend (e.g. a mountain)下げるさげるto hang下すおろすto take down下りくだりdown-train地下ちかunderground
Source: JMdict entry 1184450 (EDRDG, CC BY-SA 4.0). Level: unofficial JLPT list – how levels are assigned.